28th of August—" Above 5000 persons have died in the
hospitals here, and the total number of those who have
been carried off by cholera is probably greater than
20,000. Cars, waggons, britskas, and conveyances of
every possible kind, are perpetually conveying corpses
to our burial grounds. The pest rages most horribly
among the Israelites. In one fortnight—namely, from
the 8th to the 22nd of August—1662 Jews have been
buried." From Posen we read in the same journal:—
"Forty–three persons died here yesterday (August 31);
there are 405 under medical treatment. The wife of the
commandant, General Tietzen, was one of the fated
victims of the pest."

Accounts from St. Petersburg record a Russian razzia
in the Caucasus. The inhabitants of three villages on
the Argun, above Schatil, having much disturbed the
population subject to Russia by their incursions,
Lieutenant–Colonel Prince Tschelokagem collected
750 men, including four Don Cossacks, surrounded the
villages, and, after a sanguinary conflict, took and
burned them to ashes.

It appears by the intelligence from China, that the
rebellion gains ground, and now threatens the very
existence of the Tartar dynasty. Choo, or Tsou, the
Prince of the old Ming family, who has several times
made known to his countrymen that he is anxiously
watching the progress of events, still remains in the
background; cautiously, perhaps, anticipating the time
when—the country from end to end being in a state of
anarchy—the throne will revert to his possession an
easy prize. The insurgents, after having attacked
Kwei–lin–foo, the capital of Kwang–si, had proceeded
towards the borders of the adjoining province of Hunan.
Dividing, it would appear, into two parties, one body
attacked and captured the town of Tsiuen at the north,
the other crossed the border and took the township
Tau; and another smaller place, which we do not find
in the map of Hunan, called Keem–wha. Keem–wha,
at last advices, was held to a ransom of thirty thousand
taels. In Hunan large gangs immediately joined the
insurgents, as a distinguishing mark wearing blue caps
or turbans; the Kwangsi men, red. Seu, the imperial
commissioner, has fought a battle with the rebels, and
has been defeated. It is stated that the rebels of Lo–
king–shan, belonging to Kaou Chow, had encamped on
the top of a high mountain, by a dangerous pass. On
the 19th of June, Seu resolved on dislodging them;
and, leading a body of 4000 men, proceeded directly to
the rear of the mountain where the rebels were. But,
anticipating this movement, the insurgents had
undermined the ground, dug pits, and thrown up various
obstacles. The mines being sprung, fire, arrows, and
stones were hurled down on the unfortunate army, and
fully the half of the whole body were killed or seriously
wounded. Among the latter, mortally, were the military
Keujin Wei–tso–pang audllwang–yukee, spoken of
as talented officers.

The accounts from New York to the latest date are as
follow:—Nothing further had transpired respecting the
fisheries question. Public attention was much occupied
with a dispute with the Peruvian Government as to the
Lobos Islands, a great deposit of guano on the South
American coast. A correspondence has been published
between Mr. Webster and Senor Osma, the Peruvian
charge d'affaires at Washington on this subject, the most
important letter of the series being the last, in which
Mr. Webster persists in asserting the right of the United
States to take guano from them, from long and
uninterrupted usage, the Americans having visited them
for selling and fishing purposes ever since the year 1793,
in which respect he considers the case is different from
that of England. The gist of the argument is in the
following paragraph:—

"If it shall turn out, as has been intimated above, that those
islands are uninhabited and uninhabitable, and therefore
incapable of being legally possessed or held by any one nation,
they and their contents must be considered the common property
of all; or, if unprotected by the presence of Peruvian authorities,
and without actual possession, their use has been by Peru
abandoned and conceded, without limitation of time, to citizens
of the United States for a long period, or yielded in consequence
of the remonstrance of this government or its agents, then
no exclusive ownership can be pretended as against the United
States at least."

Upon the strength of these opinions thus held by Mr.
Webster, more than 20 large vessels, aggregating upwards
of 15,000 tons, have been despatched by American–
merchants to the Lobos Islands for guano.

Congress closed its session of 1852 on the 31st of
August. During the three preceding days a vast
number of bills had been disposed of. Interest in the
Fishery question was dying away, and it was understood
that the Asia had brought out despatches containing
a settlement satisfactory to both governments.
Commodore Perry returned from the fishing–grounds on
the 2nd September to New York.

Emigration to Australia from the Atlantic cities of
the United States, especially from New York, is one of
the most striking facts brought by the late mails. A
ship carrying 233 adventurers set sail from New York
for Port Phillip. Five other vessels were advertised to
sail from the same port, and one from Boston. So
large is this emigration expected to be, that the
Wesleyan Missionary Society have determined to send
our additional missionaries to Victoria, "to obviate any
danger of the settlers lapsing into barbarism through
the paucity of spiritual instructors." This movement
has originated through the glowing accounts received
from successful gold–hunters. Great numbers of
adventurers from California are also reported as having
invaded the diggings.

From Albany there is an account of an attempted
outrage by a party of Anti–Renters, which resulted in
the death of one of the gang, and the wounding of one
or two others. It appears that they went at night,
disguised as Indians, to the house of Mr. Shaw, whom
they tarred and feathered a few weeks before, in
addition to burning his outbuildings, and upon his
refusing to come out they threatened to set fire to his
house. As a means of self–defence Mr. Shaw discharged
the contents of a revolver among the party, which had
the effect of killing one of them, named Whitbeck, and
making his companions fly with all speed. It is singular
that, in one of the oldest, most enlightened, and by far
the wealthiest states in the Union, these anti–rent
desperadoes should have been so long permitted to
commit deeds of violence with impunity, and that
while the law slumbers, citizens are compelled to take
the lives of these rioters in order to protect their persons
and property from devastation.

The intelligence from California comes down to the
14th of August. Statistics have been published,
showing that 51, 000 people have arrived at San Francisco
since the 1st of January last. Estimating the arrivals
by sea during the remainder of 1852 at 35,000, it will
give 86,000 as the increase of population from that
source for the current year. From present indications,
the overland immigration cannot be less than 40,000,
which will swell the number of people who will visit
California during the season to 126,000. Allowing for
the number who will leave the state, it will still be
within bounds to estimate the increase of population for
the present year at about 100,000. At this rate California
will soon be one of the most populous states in
the Union, and its people are speculating on the
probability that, after the census of I860, they will very
likely have sufficient political influence to turn the scale
in a Presidential election in favour of which party they
choose. From a recent estimate, believed to be correct,
it appears that there are 4330 houses in San Francisco,
which are presumed to contain seven persons each—
making the population of this city about 30,000. Five
years ago the little town of San Francisco contained a
few houses built of sun–dried brick, and had a population
of less than 400. Four years ago the population
was still less than 1000. The bare mention of these
facts is the most appropriate commentary on the
unparalleled progress of the city—a city whose commerce
is felt throughout the world, whose exports are more
than 75,000,000 dollars per annum. According to a
provision in the constitution, a new census will be
taken of California this year. Agents have been