person were committed in a state of drunkenness,—one
half of the offences against property were prompted by
the desire to obtain the means for intoxication.
Drunkards are indeed punished with imprisonment or
fines, but the means of getting drunk are permitted to
multiply ad infinitum. On the last licensing day 323
publicans' licenses were granted for the district of Sydney
alone. A spirit of improvement, however, is abroad.
Books, which are scarcely ever advertised for sale in
Victoria, form an important item in the trade of Sydney.
We note the names of three large booksellers advertising
the arrival of fresh supplies of English literature. The
Illustrated London News, the last volume of Punch,
Sealsfield's Cabin Book, Ida Pfeiffer's Travels,
Whately's Logic and Rhetoric, Roebuck's History of
the Whig Ministry, Macaulay's History and Essays, the
Household Words, Dickens's Copperfield, and Thackeray's
Esmond, are freely offered for the amusement and
instruction of Australian readers, and Oxford and
Cambridge men in their log huts on the Turon or the
Murrumbidgee may read the Tramp to the Diggings and
Mundy's Antipodes, and review them on the spot. There
are, moreover, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and
Portuguese standard books offered by the purveyors of
literature to the Sydney market; and a studious person
may more readily and easily procure food for the mind
at Sydney than in the majority of our second and third
rate country towns. Instruction, too, is not wanting.
Sydney has for more than a year past had its university,
and now a preparatory collegiate school is being opened.
"Ladies accustomed to tuition" and "Governesses
wanting places" abound as a matter of course. And the
papers are full of advertisements of music-teachers,
whose lessons, by the quarter, cost two and a half guineas
for half an hour twice a week, and three and a half
guineas for two hours per week—of course at the
residence of the professor, who demands an additional guinea
and a half per quarter if the pupil desires to receive his
instruction at home.

Accounts from the Cape of Good Hope have been
received to the 6th of August. The news is of the usual
favourable character—uninterrupted peace on the frontier;
activity in carrying out the constitution; and plenty of
trade. Sir Andries Stockenstrom had declined, on the
score of ill health, to become a candidate for the Upper
House. Sir George Clerk had reached the Orange
Sovereignty. The inquiry into the Hottentot rebellion
had terminated, and a government notice issued by
General Cathcart announces its decisions. The number
of "serf holders" who are declared entitled to reoccupy
their lands and tenements is 236; the number who have
forfeited their rights by rebellion is 160; many of the
latter are dead, and the survivors are outlaws.

PROGRESS OF EMIGRATION AND COLONIZATION.

Mrs. Chisholm delivered a Farewell Address, previous
to her departure for Australia, to a meeting of intending
emigrants and their friends at the rooms of the Domestic
Unitarian Institution in Spitalfields, on the evening of
the 24th inst.; a resolution having been previously
passed expressive of gratitude to her for her exertions
on behalf of the British emigrants. Among other
interesting observations, she said that she was anxious
to render the machinery more simple, by which husbands
could send for their wives and their children. At
present complaints were often made of letters sent by
emigrants to their friends, or by those friends to the
emigrants, miscarrying. In the latter case, however,
the reason too frequently was the manner in which the
letters were directed. When a man left this country it
was common for him to say to his friends here, "direct
to me at the Post-office, Melbourne," but when he got
there he probably went off to Geelong, and from there
to the diggings, and his letters being directed to the
post-office, Melbourne, were never inquired for, and of
course never reached him. A post-office employé had
shown her a packet of letters addressed in this way to
persons whose names commenced with the letter S,
which took him five hours to go through. How was it
possible that the parties to whom these letters were
addressed, scattered as they were all over the colony,
could be found? The usual practice was to keep letters
a month at the post-office, then to open them and
advertise them, registering those which contained
money; and if they were not then applied for to destroy
them. The fault they would see, then, was the manner
in which the letters were directed. This difficulty it
was proposed to obviate by means of a register of all the
emigrants as they went out, so that those who were
connected with them might be sure that the letters
would arrive at their destination. She suggested that it
would be a very great advantage if the shipowners
would enter into an arrangement by which the whole
expenses of the conveyance of emigrants from this
country might be included in one sum, so that a man
who sent for his wife or children might know precisely
what the whole cost would be, and have the opportunity
of paying it down at once. She had spoken to several
of the railway directors in this country, and they were
anxious to co-operate in such a plan, provided they had
the security of some respectable house. She had
experienced the difficulty of providing lodgings for
females at the shipping ports when they arrived,
previous to embarkation. At Southampton for instance,
she had known women arrive at half-past eleven or
twelve o'clock at night by the railway without having
a place to go to, and when beds were provided for
them, they were found to be too expensive. She was
happy to say that this difficulty was about to be removed.
A second class hotel was going to be established there, in
which persons of the description she alluded to might
be accommodated with a bed and three plain meals a day
for 3s. There was a temperance hotel also at Plymouth,
the proprietor of which was disposed to afford the
same accommodation for 3s. 6d. or 3s., where there were
a number of persons together. She hoped, too, there
would soon be something of the kind at Gravesend.
Mrs. Chisholm then dwelt at some length on the
advantage of providing means of taking out the parents
of emigrants, the moral influence of whose presence
over their children in the colony would be incalculable.
She would stand being pelted at for twelve years if she
could succeed in bringing out to Australia a hundred
grandmothers. She urged the necessity of strictly
examining the food on board emigrant ships and of
avoiding idleness while on board. She also considered
it of importance that provision should be made for
religious teaching during the voyage; for the vessel in
which she was going to Australia there would be a
clergyman of the Church of England, and of the Roman
Catholic Church, and one of the Jewish persuasion, who
would take charge of a number of Hebrew girls who would
accompany her on the voyage. In the same vessel
a number of betrothed girls were going out whose
intended husbands had sent the means for their passage.
These would be under her superintendence, and she
would take care not to lose sight of them till they were
married. There was no more impropriety in a female
going out to Australia to be married than in ladies
going to India for a similar purpose, which was a
matter of every-day occurrence. When she went to
India she had application from five ladies to go out with
the same view, and solely on speculation. When young
men emigrated, it was usually with a view of getting
married earlier than they would if they remained at
home; but the plan she would recommend under such
circumstances was that they should leave a deposit of two
or three pounds with some respectable shipowner,
towards defraying the expense of conveying out to them,
at some future time, the object of their affections. She
promised that any girls who were entrusted to her care
should be well looked after when they arrived, and
concluded by thanking the audience for the attention
with which they had heard her, and the warm welcome
they had given to her.

During the month of September last, 24,331 emigrants
left Liverpool in ships under government inspection;
1051 more than in September last year.

A letter from Belfast, published in one of the Derry
papers, thus refers to the progress of Emigration from
Ulster. "Emigration from the north is, of course, on
the decrease, the approach of winter having caused
many intending emigrants to stop at home until spring,
but preparations for the Canadas, United States, and